Difference between revisions of "Gramps and GEDCOM"

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m (make explicit in Intro that Gramps XML is the native data exchange format. GEDCOM is merely a convenience format. Add Tamura Jone article to "See also")
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{{man index|Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_What's_new? |Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_Main_Window|5.0}}
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The native data exchange format for Gramps is [[Gramps XML]], a structured [[Gramps_Glossary#xml|XML]] text format which supports ALL the Genealogical data that can be stored in the working relational database file. XML is a more expansive format than the sluggishly evolving [[GEDCOM]].  
{{languages|Gramps 5.0 Wiki Manual - Getting Started}}
 
  
{{#vardefine:chapter|2}}
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Although Gramps is able to import '''''basic''''' genealogical data from GEDCOM through its GEDCOM Import module, much data commonly handled in modern Genealogical software can not be described while staying within the confines of the GEDCOM standard. So, GEDCOM Export from a Gramps Family Tree or Gramps XML is necessarily a '''lossy''' operation.
{{#vardefine:figure|0}}
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{{man tip|Gramps state of the GEDCOM art|
 +
Since 1999, [[Import_from_another_genealogy_program#Standard_GEDCOM_as_transfer_tool|GEDCOM v5.5.1 has become the de facto standard]] for [https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema_crosswalk schema crosswalking] basic family history data between programs.<br/>Because [https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect#Standard_and_nonstandard_dialects dialects] can arise for each program that writes GEDCOM files, we openly document where that additional layer of data loss occurs. But, since dialects cause incompatibilities in data exchange, we strive to avoid a "Gramps accented" dialect of GEDCOM.
  
我们从一些基本的东西开始讲起。首先我们介绍一些Gramps中的基本知识。然后我们将教你如何开始使用Gramps,以及如何寻找帮助。
+
In May 2021, a GEDCOM 7.0 version was announced. But as of September 2022, adoption is very limited with only 2 software tools reporting partial support. (See for updated [https://www.familysearch.org/en/GEDCOM/implementation-progress register of support for GEDCOM 7])
__FORCETOC__
 
==Gramps总体介绍==
 
  
Gramps是一个免费、开放源代码的软件。它被设计成一个灵活并且功能强大的家谱工具。没有唯一一个正确的方法来录入或整理你的数据。但是如果你想和其它人或其它软件一起来处理这些数据的话,你需要理解Gramps是怎么工作的。
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So, the 5.5.1 version remains the most widely compatible data exchange format for genealogical data.}}
  
Gramps把这些系信息分成九大类:
+
This page attempts to list information that is lost on a GEDCOM export from Gramps, so that users may choose to restrain their Gramps use to those features that GEDCOM can handle. Gramps recognizes the relevance of GEDCOM and attempts to offer the broadest compatibility possible.
* 成员
 
* 家庭
 
* 事件
 
* 笔记
 
* 媒体(如图片或录像)
 
* 引用
 
* 信息来源(比如某人口述,或户口本)
 
* 地点
 
* 贮藏库
 
  
 +
{{man note|The Gramps version used as a reference for this page is|Gramps Trunk, which at the time was Gramps 3.3.(Released:2011-06-12)}}
  
这九个类型是相互独立的。也就是说你可以一次只录入其中任何一个类型的资料,而且与顺序无关。比如你可以想先输入成员个人的资料,然后再把它们按家庭关系连续起来。或者你也可以先录入信息来源,然后再录入信息来源中的成员资料。或者你可以混合录入笔记和信息来源,再录入家庭资料,然后回去再加一些笔记。总之,你可以按你想要的任何方式来录入资料。
+
The evolution of the GEDCOM standard stalled on 10 January 1996. There was a 1999 draft for a GEDCOM 5.5.1 version, which became the de facto standard but wasn't officially endorsed until November 2019. (The GEDCOM 7 specification was officially published in June 2021.)
  
如果你还有其它问题,你可以问在线社区中的用户、开发员。我们有[[Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_FAQ/zh|常见问题列表]],邮件列表;[http://www.gramps-project.org/bugs/ 问题列表,新功能需求等];还有一个在线聊天室。
+
Gramps uses several features of GEDCOM 5.5.1 as noted below.  
  
===关联===
+
The following assumes the 5.5.1 standard for the GEDCOM export utility. However, there is also a set of common extensions that have been bundled together as another dialect writable by Gramps. See [[Addon:GEDCOM Extensions]] for more information.
  
这九大类以不同的方式关联在一起。有些关系不是那么明显。比如当你把一个成员以家长或孩子的身份加入到一个家庭中时,会自动创建一个'''参照'''的关联。你可以在成员的主窗口中的“参照”栏中看到他所关联的家庭。Gramps有很多种其它方式来显示这些关联,其中包括关系图表。
 
  
为了避免重复录入同样的信息,Gramps让你重用或共享信息。Gramps有一个特殊的关联叫“链接”。比如一个成员可以有多个笔记项目。如果基本一个笔记提示到了两个不同成员,那样的话最好是让这两个成员共享这同一个笔记。
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== Lost information on a GEDCOM export from Gramps ==
 +
* '''Bookmarks'''
 +
* '''Preformatted flag on notes'''
 +
* '''Markup in notes'''. Most other genealogy programs have markup in notes, but GEDCOM has no support.
 +
* '''Roles on events'''
 +
* '''One gender on same sex relation''': GEDCOM does not support same sex relation.
 +
* '''Children status''': GEDCOM only uses child-family relationships, ex: adoption as event not a relation.
 +
* '''County''' County fields in Locations
 +
* '''Parish''' Church Parish fields in Locations
 +
* '''Media Attributes''': no equivalent in GEDCOM.
 +
* '''Source Attributes (previously Data)''': no equivalent in GEDCOM.
 +
* '''Source and Date on places''': no equivalent in GEDCOM.
 +
* '''Event Attributes different from age, father age, mother age, cause, agency'''. These other attributes have no equivalent in GEDCOM. AGNC and CAUS are exported from Agency and Cause attributes (respectively) of an event. AGE, HUSB:AGE and WIFE:AGE are exported from Age, Father's Age and Mother's Age (respectively) of an event reference. Hence these items of data should be stored in the appropriate place for export.
 +
* '''Media Description''': set by user, no equivalent in GEDCOM.
 +
* '''Reference region of a media reference'''.
 +
* '''Tags''': an organizational tool for data analysis. This is not real genealogical data.
 +
* '''Shared Events''': will generate the same event for each record. On import Gramps tries to merge equal events.
 +
* '''Events order''': like for children, GEDCOM ignores events order.
 +
* '''Shared Places in events''': GEDCOM does not know the concept of sharing places, so places are duplicated in the GEDCOM. On import, Gramps will automatically merge places with the ''same'' title and street, so this should be of no influence.
 +
* '''Call Name''': no equivalent in GEDCOM.
 +
* '''Family Nickname''': no equivalent in GEDCOM. Use an alternate name.
 +
* '''Date on Name'''
 +
* '''Group names''': Used by Gramps for sorting.
 +
* '''Sort As on names''': Used by Gramps for sorting.
 +
* '''Alternate Locations''': This full data on alternate locations is not exported as GEDCOM has no support for this.
 +
* '''Private objects'''
 +
* '''Persian, Islamic, Swedish calendars'''
 +
* '''Dual date and non 31/12 new year'''
 +
* '''Independent event, source, citation, media, repository, note''': GEDCOM needs INDIvidual or FAMily as top level.
  
有一些链接包含关于它们本身的信息。比如你可以关联一个成员到另一对夫妻的结婚摆酒事件中去喝喜酒。这样的话那对新人是这个摆酒事情中的主要人物,其它的人可能就是不同的身份,比如主持人或亲朋好友。这些连接就是包含了一些关于它本身的信息,比如身份。
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* Some '''Gramps' Types''' (Note, Repository, Repository reference, etc ...)
===隐私===
 
  
Gramps支持以两种不同的方式来保护你家谱中的隐私。这两个方式将在你共享你的数据给别人时使用到,比如打一个报表,导出数据或者建一个网站。
+
* No GEDCOM data structure exists for the [[Hierarchical Place Structure|place hierarchy]] introduced in Gramps version 4.1.
  
第一个方法是保护那些Gramps认识还健在的人。如果你没有特别指明一个人已经过世(通过在添加一个“死亡”事情)。那么Gramps有一套自动计算方式来判断一个人是否健在。健在的人的敏感资料会被保护起来,比如一个人名为王小明的可能会显示为王【健在】
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* See also [[Lossless_GEDCOM_Export|Lossless Export]] and [[Addon:GEDCOM_Extensions|GEDCOM Extensions addon]].
  
第二个方法是你特别给某个信息设为私有的标识。比如你可以在一个笔记中有你的敏感个人资料。那你可以设置这个笔记为私有。这样这个笔记就不会显示在报表中或导出的数据中。特别注意有些链接本身也可以设置为私有的。这个有时候非常有用。比如一个成员私下的参加了一个活动,而你又想这个成员及那个活动是公开的。但这个成员对参加这个活动本身不公开。
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== Information written in other form on GEDCOM export ==
 +
* '''Compound surnames''': all name grouping info is present using comma-separated lists. Using the ''[[Gramps_5.1_Wiki_Manual_-_Tools#Extract_Information_from_Names|Extract Information from Names]]'' tool, such a GEDCOM can be converted again in grouped names.
  
为了让以上两种方式保护好隐私,你需要在导出数据或生成报表时指明使用它们。
+
== Information available in GEDCOM 5.5.1 form ==
 +
* '''Coordinates''': Latitude and Longitude use MAP.LONG and MAP.LATI fields of GEDCOM 5.5.1
 +
* '''Custom attributes on Person, Family''': FACT tag is used of GEDCOM 5.5.1
  
===GEDCOM标准===
+
== Information in GEDCOM 5.5 not in Gramps (lost on import) ==
  
Gramps的核心结构源自于一个叫GEDCOM的标准,Gramps在这个标准之上做了必要的扩充。如果你打算在另一个GEDCOM软件上使用你的家谱数据,那么你可能需要不使用Gramps的扩充功能。从另一方面来说,如果你不打算使用其它的软件,那你可以使用Gramps的所有功能。
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{{man note|Gramps GEDCOM Import|Details of GEDCOM import for Gramps are already provided in the [[Gramps_5.1_Wiki_Manual_-_Manage_Family_Trees#Importing_data|Gramps manual's Importing Data section]] and '''will not be repeated here'''.}}
  
详情请查看[[Gramps and GEDCOM|Gramps和GEDCOM]]
+
Details for earlier versions of Gramps 4.1
 +
* Multimedia object in source citation
 +
* EVENT_TYPE_CITED_FROM and ROLE_IN_EVENT in source citation
  
==开始使用Gramps==
+
== See also ==
 
+
* The 2018 revision of a blog article by Keith Riggle is a frank evaluation of GEDCOM dialect issues between [[Import_from_another_genealogy_program#Family_Tree_Maker|Gramps & Family Tree Maker]]
学习Gramps的最好方法就是开始录入你的数据。
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* [[Import_from_another_genealogy_program|GEDCOM dialects when importing from another program]]
 
+
* [[GEPS 037: Support GEDCOM X]] - a proposal to support the GEDCOM X file format
不同的操作系统用不同的方法打开Gramps。
+
* [[GEDCOM 7 support]]
 
+
* [[GEDCOM]]
我们可以用普通的图形界面打开Gramps,也可以在命令行上打开Gramps。命令行方式可以生成一些图形界面不能生成的报表。命令行可以用于生成报表,转换数据等。可以在软件出现问题的时候,在不打开窗口的情况下提供[[Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_Error_and_Warning_Reference#Seeing_all_the_error_messages|额外信息]]。请点击[[Gramps 5.0 Wiki Manual - Command Line|命令行及说明]]查看详情。
+
* [[Lossless GEDCOM Export]]
=== Linux ===
+
* Discourse forum article: "[https://gramps.discourse.group/t/funny-codes-in-notes-on-published-gedcom/2590 Funny codes in notes on published GEDCOM]" (Some exported Note types not recognized for [https://www.tribalpages.com/about.html Tribal Pages] website generation.)
 
+
* Jones, Tamura. "'''[https://www.tamurajones.net/AGentleIntroductionToGEDCOM.xhtml A Gentle Introduction to GEDCOM]'''" ''Modern Software Experience'', 24 Aug 2010, [https://www.tamurajones.net/AGentleIntroductionToGEDCOM.xhtml https://www.tamurajones.net/AGentleIntroductionToGEDCOM.xhtml].  
只有Linux是官方支持的操作系统,开发员只使用Linux来测试代码及解决软件本身问题。
 
 
 
我们假定你使用标准的Linux软件包管理器(图形或命令行方式),你可以像你平常打开其它程序一样来打开Gramps。
 
For example in Ubuntu 12.10, an icon is placed in the launcher, or the program can be started from Dash. For other distributions, an entry may be created in the Application menu (normally in the '''Office''' section).
 
 
 
[[Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_Command_Line#Linux|这里]]介绍了如何在Linux命令行中打开Gramps。
 
=== 微软Windows ===
 
 
 
微软Windows版本的Gramps是一个由[[Download#MS Windows|社区维护]] 的平台.如果你安装的是[[All_In_One_Gramps_Software_Bundle_for_Windows|Windows 全合一]]的32位版本或64位版本,那么你可以在你的桌面和开始菜单上看到Gramps的图标,点击它开始使用Gramps。
 
 
 
[[Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_Command_Line#MS_Windows|这里]]介绍了如何在Windows命令行中打开Gramps。
 
 
 
还有其它方法在Windows上安装Gramps,不过它们相对复杂,就不在此解释了。
 
=== 苹果 OS X ===
 
 
 
苹果 OS X版本的Gramps是一个由[[Download#Mac OS X|社区维护]]的平台.如果你下载了OS X的磁盘镜像文件,那么你只要拖动它到你的程序目录中(或其它你想存放的地方)。然后像平常一样双击打开Gramps。
 
[[Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_Command_Line#Mac_OS_X|here]]介绍了如何在OS X命令行中打开Gramps。.
 
 
 
还有其它方法在OS X上安装Gramps,不过它们相对复杂,就不在此解释了。
 
==选择家族树==
 
 
 
[[File:Dashboard-category-view-first-open-no-family-tree-loaded-42.png|right|thumb|650px|Fig {{#var:chapter}}.{{#vardefineecho:figure|{{#expr:{{#var:figure}}+1}}}} 仪表盘 - 第一次打开Gramps时是没有家族树的(Gramps 5.0.0; Windows 7) ]]
 
 
 
如果你打开Gramps时没有选择一个家族树,那么只会显示一个原始窗口。很多功能将不能使用。从菜单{{man menu|家族树->管理家族树}} 来载入一个家族树(有时也称为数据库)。也可以在工具栏上点击{{icon|ance}}{{man button|家族树}}图标。Gramps保留你最近打开过的家族树,你也可以点击工具栏{{icon|ance}}{{man button|家族树}}的箭头号来选择你想打开的家族树。
 
 
 
点击[[Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_Manage_Family_Trees|管理家族树]]来查看更多关于家族树管理及菜单方面的信息。
 
 
 
{{-}}
 
 
 
== 告诉我如何马上开始!==
 
 
 
我们希望所有人从使用手册中学习如何使用Gramps。制作家谱需要时间,所以学习使用这些东西并不是浪费时间 :)
 
 
 
不过如果你想花最小的时间马上开始,请查看[[Start_with_Genealogy |如何使用Gramps制作家谱]].
 
== 获取帮助 ==
 
 
 
Gramps有一个{{man menu|[[Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_Navigation#Help|帮助]]}}菜单可以让你在任何时候使用。
 
 
 
* 请查看{{man menu|[[Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_Navigation#Help|帮助]]}}菜单.
 
 
 
{{man index|Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_What's_new? |Gramps_5.0_Wiki_Manual_-_Main_Window|5.0}}
 
 
 
{{languages|Gramps 5.0 Wiki Manual - Getting Started}}
 
 
 
{{grampsmanualcopyright}}
 
  
 
[[Category:Documentation]]
 
[[Category:Documentation]]

Revision as of 23:51, 2 March 2023

The native data exchange format for Gramps is Gramps XML, a structured XML text format which supports ALL the Genealogical data that can be stored in the working relational database file. XML is a more expansive format than the sluggishly evolving GEDCOM.

Although Gramps is able to import basic genealogical data from GEDCOM through its GEDCOM Import module, much data commonly handled in modern Genealogical software can not be described while staying within the confines of the GEDCOM standard. So, GEDCOM Export from a Gramps Family Tree or Gramps XML is necessarily a lossy operation.

Tango-Dialog-information.png
Gramps state of the GEDCOM art

Since 1999, GEDCOM v5.5.1 has become the de facto standard for schema crosswalking basic family history data between programs.
Because dialects can arise for each program that writes GEDCOM files, we openly document where that additional layer of data loss occurs. But, since dialects cause incompatibilities in data exchange, we strive to avoid a "Gramps accented" dialect of GEDCOM.

In May 2021, a GEDCOM 7.0 version was announced. But as of September 2022, adoption is very limited with only 2 software tools reporting partial support. (See for updated register of support for GEDCOM 7)

So, the 5.5.1 version remains the most widely compatible data exchange format for genealogical data.


This page attempts to list information that is lost on a GEDCOM export from Gramps, so that users may choose to restrain their Gramps use to those features that GEDCOM can handle. Gramps recognizes the relevance of GEDCOM and attempts to offer the broadest compatibility possible.

Gramps-notes.png
The Gramps version used as a reference for this page is

Gramps Trunk, which at the time was Gramps 3.3.(Released:2011-06-12)

The evolution of the GEDCOM standard stalled on 10 January 1996. There was a 1999 draft for a GEDCOM 5.5.1 version, which became the de facto standard but wasn't officially endorsed until November 2019. (The GEDCOM 7 specification was officially published in June 2021.)

Gramps uses several features of GEDCOM 5.5.1 as noted below.

The following assumes the 5.5.1 standard for the GEDCOM export utility. However, there is also a set of common extensions that have been bundled together as another dialect writable by Gramps. See Addon:GEDCOM Extensions for more information.


Lost information on a GEDCOM export from Gramps

  • Bookmarks
  • Preformatted flag on notes
  • Markup in notes. Most other genealogy programs have markup in notes, but GEDCOM has no support.
  • Roles on events
  • One gender on same sex relation: GEDCOM does not support same sex relation.
  • Children status: GEDCOM only uses child-family relationships, ex: adoption as event not a relation.
  • County County fields in Locations
  • Parish Church Parish fields in Locations
  • Media Attributes: no equivalent in GEDCOM.
  • Source Attributes (previously Data): no equivalent in GEDCOM.
  • Source and Date on places: no equivalent in GEDCOM.
  • Event Attributes different from age, father age, mother age, cause, agency. These other attributes have no equivalent in GEDCOM. AGNC and CAUS are exported from Agency and Cause attributes (respectively) of an event. AGE, HUSB:AGE and WIFE:AGE are exported from Age, Father's Age and Mother's Age (respectively) of an event reference. Hence these items of data should be stored in the appropriate place for export.
  • Media Description: set by user, no equivalent in GEDCOM.
  • Reference region of a media reference.
  • Tags: an organizational tool for data analysis. This is not real genealogical data.
  • Shared Events: will generate the same event for each record. On import Gramps tries to merge equal events.
  • Events order: like for children, GEDCOM ignores events order.
  • Shared Places in events: GEDCOM does not know the concept of sharing places, so places are duplicated in the GEDCOM. On import, Gramps will automatically merge places with the same title and street, so this should be of no influence.
  • Call Name: no equivalent in GEDCOM.
  • Family Nickname: no equivalent in GEDCOM. Use an alternate name.
  • Date on Name
  • Group names: Used by Gramps for sorting.
  • Sort As on names: Used by Gramps for sorting.
  • Alternate Locations: This full data on alternate locations is not exported as GEDCOM has no support for this.
  • Private objects
  • Persian, Islamic, Swedish calendars
  • Dual date and non 31/12 new year
  • Independent event, source, citation, media, repository, note: GEDCOM needs INDIvidual or FAMily as top level.
  • Some Gramps' Types (Note, Repository, Repository reference, etc ...)
  • No GEDCOM data structure exists for the place hierarchy introduced in Gramps version 4.1.

Information written in other form on GEDCOM export

  • Compound surnames: all name grouping info is present using comma-separated lists. Using the Extract Information from Names tool, such a GEDCOM can be converted again in grouped names.

Information available in GEDCOM 5.5.1 form

  • Coordinates: Latitude and Longitude use MAP.LONG and MAP.LATI fields of GEDCOM 5.5.1
  • Custom attributes on Person, Family: FACT tag is used of GEDCOM 5.5.1

Information in GEDCOM 5.5 not in Gramps (lost on import)

Gramps-notes.png
Gramps GEDCOM Import

Details of GEDCOM import for Gramps are already provided in the Gramps manual's Importing Data section and will not be repeated here.

Details for earlier versions of Gramps 4.1

  • Multimedia object in source citation
  • EVENT_TYPE_CITED_FROM and ROLE_IN_EVENT in source citation

See also